1 00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:10,940 hi everyone it's David Lomas here from 2 00:00:15,230 --> 00:00:12,440 no innovation i'm just going to 3 00:00:16,340 --> 00:00:15,240 introduce the presenters tonight and 4 00:00:20,779 --> 00:00:16,350 just give you a bit of an overview of 5 00:00:22,550 --> 00:00:20,789 what's what the plan is i see probably 6 00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:22,560 two-thirds of people did see the 7 00:00:27,890 --> 00:00:25,890 introductory session last week for those 8 00:00:30,230 --> 00:00:27,900 of you who didn't there is a recording 9 00:00:32,540 --> 00:00:30,240 of it available which is i just put a 10 00:00:33,650 --> 00:00:32,550 link in the chat window there if you 11 00:00:35,660 --> 00:00:33,660 want to go and have a look that's the 12 00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:35,670 full version i'm going to give you the 13 00:00:41,569 --> 00:00:40,290 30 second version which is as a result 14 00:00:42,799 --> 00:00:41,579 of the work that's been done so far a 15 00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:42,809 whole load of these documents were 16 00:00:48,229 --> 00:00:46,320 produced and the subject for tonight's 17 00:00:50,799 --> 00:00:48,239 is as you can see on there on the right 18 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:50,809 there to do with organic monomers and 19 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:53,489 Jamie and Gregor gunner and Doug are 20 00:00:58,520 --> 00:00:55,890 going to walk us through that document 21 00:01:00,920 --> 00:00:58,530 in a second the document is a google doc 22 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:00,930 and you will be able to comment directly 23 00:01:06,140 --> 00:01:03,930 in the document once the webinar is 24 00:01:08,179 --> 00:01:06,150 finished so we'll open those documents 25 00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:08,189 up there are guidelines on the 26 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:10,320 astrobiology future dot org website 27 00:01:14,570 --> 00:01:13,290 about how the commenting shouldn't go so 28 00:01:17,530 --> 00:01:14,580 L please go and have a look at that 29 00:01:19,730 --> 00:01:17,540 after the webinar this is the second one 30 00:01:21,530 --> 00:01:19,740 and there are quite a few in the diary 31 00:01:24,830 --> 00:01:21,540 all the dates are available on the 32 00:01:28,940 --> 00:01:24,840 website so we can you can go and have a 33 00:01:31,249 --> 00:01:28,950 look and check up on those the format 34 00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:31,259 for this evening really is 10-15 minutes 35 00:01:36,170 --> 00:01:34,500 presentation from the guys there and 36 00:01:38,719 --> 00:01:36,180 then we'll open it up to any discussion 37 00:01:40,850 --> 00:01:38,729 or questions that people have so as 38 00:01:42,499 --> 00:01:40,860 you're listening and watching this 39 00:01:44,960 --> 00:01:42,509 evening if you've got any thoughts or 40 00:01:46,880 --> 00:01:44,970 comments or questions you want to bring 41 00:01:49,550 --> 00:01:46,890 up towards the end then either just make 42 00:01:52,090 --> 00:01:49,560 a note or you can always type stuff 43 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:52,100 straight into the chat window here and 44 00:01:57,289 --> 00:01:54,930 myself and marker will do our best to 45 00:01:58,700 --> 00:01:57,299 kind of organize those a little bit so 46 00:02:01,819 --> 00:01:58,710 the presenters can respond to them 47 00:02:04,069 --> 00:02:01,829 afterwards and you can always you can 48 00:02:05,480 --> 00:02:04,079 also use the raise hand feature which is 49 00:02:07,670 --> 00:02:05,490 at the top of the screen on the left 50 00:02:10,940 --> 00:02:07,680 hand side there if there's anything you 51 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:10,950 want to say towards the end other than 52 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:12,330 that the only thing to mention which I 53 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:13,770 think Marco already 54 00:02:16,610 --> 00:02:15,210 suggested we are recording all these 55 00:02:18,380 --> 00:02:16,620 sessions tonight so when we opened up 56 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:18,390 for conversation that will also be part 57 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:21,570 of the recording and other than that I 58 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:23,250 think we should be good to go so I don't 59 00:02:29,090 --> 00:02:26,370 know Greg Jamie Doug I don't know who 60 00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:29,100 was going to kick off this evening I'm 61 00:02:32,630 --> 00:02:31,050 going to give a little introduction and 62 00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:32,640 then we're going to split up talking 63 00:02:35,750 --> 00:02:34,320 about the sub questions of the document 64 00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:35,760 and then I'll do a little wrap-up and 65 00:02:39,860 --> 00:02:37,200 then hopefully we'll get a lot of 66 00:02:41,780 --> 00:02:39,870 discussion from the participant Britain 67 00:02:43,340 --> 00:02:41,790 okay thanks Jamie so if anybody has any 68 00:02:45,500 --> 00:02:43,350 questions before we go just throw them 69 00:02:47,540 --> 00:02:45,510 up in the chat window but assuming rule 70 00:02:49,820 --> 00:02:47,550 we're all good to go I'll hand over to 71 00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:49,830 you Jamie okay so I just want to 72 00:02:53,330 --> 00:02:51,990 reiterate that making this roadmap is 73 00:02:55,820 --> 00:02:53,340 supposed to be community driven and 74 00:02:57,470 --> 00:02:55,830 community supported and this document 75 00:02:59,240 --> 00:02:57,480 that we're presenting today is the 76 00:03:01,100 --> 00:02:59,250 product of a small group of authors with 77 00:03:03,290 --> 00:03:01,110 comments from a slightly larger group 78 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:03,300 but we're really considering it still a 79 00:03:08,060 --> 00:03:05,370 draft or just talking about how it needs 80 00:03:09,530 --> 00:03:08,070 some more edits and comments to probably 81 00:03:12,620 --> 00:03:09,540 reorganize things and to make sure that 82 00:03:15,620 --> 00:03:12,630 we haven't missed any important topic 83 00:03:17,660 --> 00:03:15,630 points here so we really hope they will 84 00:03:19,610 --> 00:03:17,670 get some good comments and conversation 85 00:03:21,410 --> 00:03:19,620 going from this but the question that 86 00:03:23,300 --> 00:03:21,420 we're focusing on in this document is 87 00:03:25,160 --> 00:03:23,310 what are the sources of organic monomers 88 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:25,170 relevant to the origin of life so 89 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:27,690 particularly the abiotic sources of the 90 00:03:34,130 --> 00:03:31,530 ingredients that we need for life and a 91 00:03:36,590 --> 00:03:34,140 little bit more a little more 92 00:03:39,080 --> 00:03:36,600 explanation of where this topic came 93 00:03:40,940 --> 00:03:39,090 from we were coming at it from thinking 94 00:03:42,949 --> 00:03:40,950 that the first step in the formation of 95 00:03:44,900 --> 00:03:42,959 organic life is the formation of simple 96 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:44,910 organic compounds you need to have the 97 00:03:48,860 --> 00:03:46,410 ingredients the building blocks before 98 00:03:51,380 --> 00:03:48,870 life can get started and there's a lot 99 00:03:53,510 --> 00:03:51,390 of different sources for these monomers 100 00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:53,520 for the simple organic compounds both 101 00:03:57,350 --> 00:03:55,650 exogenous sources off of the earth and 102 00:03:59,510 --> 00:03:57,360 endogenous sources on the early Earth 103 00:04:02,000 --> 00:03:59,520 and we lifted a variety of potential 104 00:04:03,340 --> 00:04:02,010 environments that are worthy of studying 105 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:03,350 like the interstellar medium 106 00:04:07,990 --> 00:04:05,850 protoplanetary disks comets asteroids 107 00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:08,000 current bodies planetary atmospheres and 108 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:10,620 planetary environment and i will say 109 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:12,570 that i think that the author group that 110 00:04:17,330 --> 00:04:14,010 worked on this with a little biased 111 00:04:19,580 --> 00:04:17,340 towards these sources we didn't have a 112 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:19,590 lot of examples given in this document 113 00:04:24,500 --> 00:04:22,410 right now of planetary environments that 114 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:24,510 we want to study we tend to say 115 00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:26,410 hydrothermal vents a lot which 116 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:27,930 probably need to include some other 117 00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:31,810 planetary environments as well but so 118 00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:33,280 the idea is we're looking at all these 119 00:04:40,380 --> 00:04:37,330 sources of organic monomers and a little 120 00:04:41,940 --> 00:04:40,390 bit more justification for this we 121 00:04:43,950 --> 00:04:41,950 really are interested in understanding 122 00:04:45,570 --> 00:04:43,960 the inventory of ingredients the 123 00:04:48,300 --> 00:04:45,580 building blocks that were present when 124 00:04:50,190 --> 00:04:48,310 life originated and they can form in a 125 00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:50,200 variety of environments and in the 126 00:04:53,820 --> 00:04:51,850 environment self form and different 127 00:04:55,650 --> 00:04:53,830 distributions different compound groups 128 00:04:58,230 --> 00:04:55,660 might form under different conditions 129 00:05:00,240 --> 00:04:58,240 and we really want to understand this to 130 00:05:02,430 --> 00:05:00,250 help us not only understand the origin 131 00:05:04,290 --> 00:05:02,440 of life on the early Earth but also to 132 00:05:06,660 --> 00:05:04,300 help constrain environments that we 133 00:05:08,910 --> 00:05:06,670 might look at elsewhere to understand 134 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:08,920 where life could originate and there's 135 00:05:13,110 --> 00:05:10,570 this comment at the bottom of the 136 00:05:14,700 --> 00:05:13,120 justification thing that we only know 137 00:05:16,110 --> 00:05:14,710 that life was able to originate on earth 138 00:05:17,490 --> 00:05:16,120 under the conditions about 139 00:05:19,170 --> 00:05:17,500 three-and-a-half to four billion years 140 00:05:21,300 --> 00:05:19,180 ago we don't know whether life could 141 00:05:23,460 --> 00:05:21,310 originate under today's conditions I 142 00:05:25,410 --> 00:05:23,470 think that that language was added not 143 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:25,420 really to limit things but to point out 144 00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:27,250 that there's a lot of study going on 145 00:05:32,970 --> 00:05:30,220 trying to understand how life could 146 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:32,980 originate under those conditions through 147 00:05:36,060 --> 00:05:34,510 and after four billion years ago but 148 00:05:40,290 --> 00:05:36,070 there's probably study that also needs 149 00:05:41,790 --> 00:05:40,300 to happen understanding the organic 150 00:05:44,670 --> 00:05:41,800 monomers that could be reduced under 151 00:05:47,580 --> 00:05:44,680 other conditions as well so we broke 152 00:05:49,860 --> 00:05:47,590 down this big question into 12 sub 153 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:49,870 questions and we're just going to step 154 00:05:53,730 --> 00:05:51,490 through them and briefly introduce them 155 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:53,740 and then at the end hopefully try and 156 00:05:57,630 --> 00:05:55,210 show you how this all ties in with the 157 00:05:59,220 --> 00:05:57,640 rest of the road map and see what 158 00:06:01,470 --> 00:05:59,230 conversation we might get from all of 159 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:01,480 the participant I think doug is going to 160 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:04,960 start their sub question one okay so 161 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:10,090 some question one concerns the quality 162 00:06:15,090 --> 00:06:12,160 and quantity of organics and did a 163 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:15,100 different plan g systems formed in 164 00:06:18,659 --> 00:06:16,450 different environments particularly 165 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:18,669 comparing say giant molecular clouds 166 00:06:25,159 --> 00:06:21,970 with low mass isolated systems and that 167 00:06:27,540 --> 00:06:25,169 there are a couple of different possible 168 00:06:30,510 --> 00:06:27,550 influences here one is simply the fact 169 00:06:33,060 --> 00:06:30,520 that they eat the location in the galaxy 170 00:06:35,430 --> 00:06:33,070 and also for the tightening ages at the 171 00:06:37,620 --> 00:06:35,440 time of formation affects the total 172 00:06:39,780 --> 00:06:37,630 availability of metallicities because of 173 00:06:44,140 --> 00:06:39,790 the 174 00:06:45,909 --> 00:06:44,150 medium over time and also over space so 175 00:06:48,580 --> 00:06:45,919 that a gradient with respect to position 176 00:06:49,749 --> 00:06:48,590 in the galaxy but also even if we just 177 00:06:51,279 --> 00:06:49,759 consider the you know the solar 178 00:06:53,350 --> 00:06:51,289 neighborhood of the galaxy which is 179 00:06:55,210 --> 00:06:53,360 fairly homogeneous in terms of the 180 00:06:58,060 --> 00:06:55,220 chemical elements there's a huge 181 00:06:59,890 --> 00:06:58,070 difference between a massive star 182 00:07:01,719 --> 00:06:59,900 formation region and a low mass star 183 00:07:03,370 --> 00:07:01,729 formation region the example that 184 00:07:05,860 --> 00:07:03,380 astronomers typically give or the Orion 185 00:07:07,930 --> 00:07:05,870 molecular cloud for a massive region of 186 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:07,940 the Taurus molecular cloud for a 187 00:07:15,310 --> 00:07:11,090 low-mass region and I kind of arises out 188 00:07:17,529 --> 00:07:15,320 of the fact that low mass stars like the 189 00:07:20,409 --> 00:07:17,539 Sun and like red dwarfs are much much 190 00:07:23,260 --> 00:07:20,419 more common than very high mass stars so 191 00:07:25,090 --> 00:07:23,270 if you if you only say have a hundred 192 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:25,100 stars the chances of finding one really 193 00:07:29,260 --> 00:07:26,810 massive one in that group is pretty 194 00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:29,270 small whether give a thousand stars if 195 00:07:33,370 --> 00:07:30,860 the chances of finding a really massive 196 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:33,380 star is fairly large and them as a 197 00:07:38,010 --> 00:07:35,330 massive star they can really influence 198 00:07:42,310 --> 00:07:38,020 the environment in which the stars form 199 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:42,320 by producing a very strong ultraviolet 200 00:07:49,029 --> 00:07:45,770 radiation field once they you know 201 00:07:51,730 --> 00:07:49,039 emergen their photo stellar and below 202 00:07:54,730 --> 00:07:51,740 and also even by going supernova within 203 00:07:58,529 --> 00:07:54,740 the timescale of a of the time that it 204 00:08:01,480 --> 00:07:58,539 takes for us much more stars to be born 205 00:08:03,010 --> 00:08:01,490 so we'd really you know like you know 206 00:08:04,540 --> 00:08:03,020 one of the differences between those 207 00:08:07,210 --> 00:08:04,550 star formation regions and of course 208 00:08:09,310 --> 00:08:07,220 also what sort of region did the Sun for 209 00:08:11,409 --> 00:08:09,320 me well that there are statistical 210 00:08:13,300 --> 00:08:11,419 arguments to save the Sun formed in a 211 00:08:15,279 --> 00:08:13,310 massive star formation region and 212 00:08:18,370 --> 00:08:15,289 there's also some isotopic evidence that 213 00:08:20,920 --> 00:08:18,380 suggests that we don't know for sure and 214 00:08:22,779 --> 00:08:20,930 in any case we need to study both kinds 215 00:08:25,210 --> 00:08:22,789 because we're interested in the 216 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:25,220 potential for inorganic materials making 217 00:08:29,050 --> 00:08:26,930 life and either of those environments 218 00:08:30,310 --> 00:08:29,060 and the photochemistry could be very 219 00:08:31,980 --> 00:08:30,320 important in a massive star formation 220 00:08:34,449 --> 00:08:31,990 region where you've got a lot of 221 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:34,459 ultraviolet radiation from these massive 222 00:08:45,519 --> 00:08:39,890 stars ok so I can advance to sub 223 00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:45,529 question two so what are the relative 224 00:08:50,890 --> 00:08:48,260 importance is of molecules produced in 225 00:08:52,330 --> 00:08:50,900 the molecular cloud compared with them 226 00:08:55,020 --> 00:08:52,340 that are being modified in the 227 00:08:57,670 --> 00:08:55,030 protoplanetary disk this is kavitha a 228 00:08:59,200 --> 00:08:57,680 question of I guess nature versus 229 00:09:03,340 --> 00:08:59,210 nurture you know are the initial 230 00:09:05,650 --> 00:09:03,350 conditions there at the start of the 231 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:05,660 collapse of a region to become an 232 00:09:10,840 --> 00:09:07,850 isolated young stellar object so that of 233 00:09:14,430 --> 00:09:10,850 a sort of the be all and end all or is 234 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:14,440 there a lot of evolution along the way 235 00:09:19,690 --> 00:09:18,050 so we know in our own solar system for 236 00:09:21,940 --> 00:09:19,700 example at some of the material we find 237 00:09:24,790 --> 00:09:21,950 in each race is pre solar we can show 238 00:09:26,530 --> 00:09:24,800 that from isotopic studies but most of 239 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:26,540 those materials are over first of all 240 00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:29,450 another abundant and secondly they're 241 00:09:33,630 --> 00:09:31,490 mostly refractory materials we'd really 242 00:09:36,130 --> 00:09:33,640 like to know more about the organics the 243 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:36,140 organic refractory material the icy 244 00:09:41,110 --> 00:09:38,450 material is that some of that pre solo 245 00:09:42,820 --> 00:09:41,120 as well or not it's always been assumed 246 00:09:45,490 --> 00:09:42,830 the comments are a likely place to find 247 00:09:47,020 --> 00:09:45,500 some priests normal material but the 248 00:09:48,970 --> 00:09:47,030 amount of mixing that appears to have 249 00:09:51,490 --> 00:09:48,980 gone on in the solar nebula has thrown 250 00:09:53,440 --> 00:09:51,500 that in 20 and say a state of confusion 251 00:10:00,330 --> 00:09:53,450 but sell me a state of you know 252 00:10:04,090 --> 00:10:00,340 questioning original assumptions okay 253 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:04,100 let's move on to number three then so if 254 00:10:09,190 --> 00:10:06,170 we follow this together i think as Jamie 255 00:10:11,020 --> 00:10:09,200 mentioned and my expertise and I think 256 00:10:14,590 --> 00:10:11,030 those are many of the other office here 257 00:10:16,420 --> 00:10:14,600 and more bias towards the first of the 258 00:10:18,430 --> 00:10:16,430 things in this list but we need to 259 00:10:20,590 --> 00:10:18,440 consider the more you know and each one 260 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:20,600 kind of feeds into it to the next so you 261 00:10:26,470 --> 00:10:23,930 have in a stellar chemistry feeding into 262 00:10:28,330 --> 00:10:26,480 a protoplanetary disk feeding into 263 00:10:30,580 --> 00:10:28,340 material that forms on on a planet and 264 00:10:34,860 --> 00:10:30,590 being modified and planetary atmosphere 265 00:10:36,910 --> 00:10:34,870 ism water rich environments as well and 266 00:10:39,010 --> 00:10:36,920 each of these requires different 267 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:39,020 mechanisms but they all may influence 268 00:10:43,660 --> 00:10:40,850 the outcome you know the outcome is what 269 00:10:45,460 --> 00:10:43,670 one of the raw material for life we need 270 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:45,470 to understand each of these in trim and 271 00:10:49,780 --> 00:10:46,850 we also need to understand their 272 00:10:51,820 --> 00:10:49,790 relative importance if you change one 273 00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:51,830 does it have a drastic effect on the 274 00:10:59,500 --> 00:10:57,050 others and so on okay so I think that's 275 00:11:01,420 --> 00:10:59,510 all I wanted to say about number three 276 00:11:03,929 --> 00:11:01,430 so I'll turn it back to Jamie now I 277 00:11:06,329 --> 00:11:03,939 think the track is taking others 278 00:11:08,969 --> 00:11:06,339 this is greg springsteen from furman 279 00:11:10,949 --> 00:11:08,979 university i'm going to cover the next 280 00:11:13,079 --> 00:11:10,959 three sub questions or four through six 281 00:11:15,809 --> 00:11:13,089 and i think what would tie these sub 282 00:11:18,479 --> 00:11:15,819 questions together is the idea that we 283 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:18,489 really are in many of these questions 284 00:11:21,869 --> 00:11:19,689 want to be looking at the epic 285 00:11:24,059 --> 00:11:21,879 thermodynamics so looking at both the 286 00:11:26,249 --> 00:11:24,069 degradation as well as the formation of 287 00:11:28,499 --> 00:11:26,259 many of these organics and what kind of 288 00:11:31,199 --> 00:11:28,509 concentrations that we might expect in a 289 00:11:34,319 --> 00:11:31,209 variety of environments so i'm not going 290 00:11:35,879 --> 00:11:34,329 to read through all the slides but i'll 291 00:11:38,369 --> 00:11:35,889 talk briefly through them so number four 292 00:11:40,469 --> 00:11:38,379 what is the survivability of organic 293 00:11:43,789 --> 00:11:40,479 monomers in their formation environment 294 00:11:45,989 --> 00:11:43,799 so we're certainly agnostic on what this 295 00:11:47,849 --> 00:11:45,999 environment in which the organic 296 00:11:51,029 --> 00:11:47,859 molecules were formed nor these these 297 00:11:53,429 --> 00:11:51,039 pre polymer monomers were formed but 298 00:11:55,649 --> 00:11:53,439 within a variety of environments that we 299 00:11:58,469 --> 00:11:55,659 all at the field can think of on what 300 00:12:01,199 --> 00:11:58,479 are the relative rates of formation what 301 00:12:05,999 --> 00:12:01,209 kinds of degradation pathways do we need 302 00:12:07,409 --> 00:12:06,009 to be thinking about as well sub 303 00:12:10,859 --> 00:12:07,419 question five is a little bit more 304 00:12:14,039 --> 00:12:10,869 specific on a degradation pathway if 305 00:12:16,949 --> 00:12:14,049 these organic monomers were formed off 306 00:12:19,349 --> 00:12:16,959 earth we need to think about the 307 00:12:21,319 --> 00:12:19,359 mechanisms of delivery to earth and also 308 00:12:23,429 --> 00:12:21,329 the mechanisms of degradation 309 00:12:26,009 --> 00:12:23,439 atmospheric to earth and also delivery 310 00:12:27,779 --> 00:12:26,019 to other bodies as well and so this is 311 00:12:30,089 --> 00:12:27,789 what is the survivability of organic 312 00:12:32,309 --> 00:12:30,099 monomers in their formation environment 313 00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:32,319 tonight I think God in this stream of 314 00:12:36,389 --> 00:12:34,720 consciousness where we originally this 315 00:12:38,969 --> 00:12:36,399 document was created we're using 316 00:12:40,439 --> 00:12:38,979 survivability really as this catch-all 317 00:12:42,359 --> 00:12:40,449 term for thermodynamics we're going to 318 00:12:46,679 --> 00:12:42,369 be thinking about both parts of the 319 00:12:50,759 --> 00:12:46,689 equation and then sub question six is a 320 00:12:53,219 --> 00:12:50,769 bit more specific down the wrong way no 321 00:12:54,899 --> 00:12:53,229 just unless me so question 6 what are 322 00:12:56,849 --> 00:12:54,909 the endogenous organic production 323 00:12:58,799 --> 00:12:56,859 processes active on the early Earth I 324 00:13:01,829 --> 00:12:58,809 think many of us are particularly 325 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:01,839 interested in what are the possibilities 326 00:13:05,219 --> 00:13:03,970 of organic formation on the early Earth 327 00:13:06,550 --> 00:13:05,229 whether we're talking about the 328 00:13:09,310 --> 00:13:06,560 hydrothermal vents 329 00:13:11,230 --> 00:13:09,320 or the variety of of other environments 330 00:13:12,910 --> 00:13:11,240 we can think of on the earlier so this 331 00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:12,920 is going to require special I think 332 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:15,980 consideration and so this sub question 333 00:13:22,330 --> 00:13:18,890 although maybe a sub sub question of 334 00:13:25,240 --> 00:13:22,340 four will have a special emphasis 335 00:13:26,829 --> 00:13:25,250 talking about the variety of kinetic and 336 00:13:33,610 --> 00:13:26,839 thermodynamic parameters on the 337 00:13:38,620 --> 00:13:33,620 formation in earlier okay so i'll pick 338 00:13:42,790 --> 00:13:38,630 it up for number seven so looking 339 00:13:46,180 --> 00:13:42,800 specifically at the end but external 340 00:13:48,820 --> 00:13:46,190 sources of organics we need to consider 341 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:48,830 for example they do the organic sandy 342 00:13:54,610 --> 00:13:51,770 and the water come together or are they 343 00:13:56,620 --> 00:13:54,620 sort of separate questions and if if we 344 00:13:58,630 --> 00:13:56,630 think in terms of comets being a key 345 00:14:00,910 --> 00:13:58,640 source of material then obviously the 346 00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:00,920 ices and the organics are closely mixed 347 00:14:04,630 --> 00:14:02,930 in those and was coming together there's 348 00:14:05,620 --> 00:14:04,640 true to a lesser extent of asteroids as 349 00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:05,630 well of course because we come 350 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:07,310 increasingly to realize that that 351 00:14:12,940 --> 00:14:09,850 asteroid the tight bodies can contain 352 00:14:17,170 --> 00:14:12,950 volatiles as well water of hydration and 353 00:14:19,570 --> 00:14:17,180 so on so evaluation of those two 354 00:14:21,250 --> 00:14:19,580 different classes of objects and their 355 00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:21,260 relative fluxes and of course is 356 00:14:25,780 --> 00:14:22,910 survivability as well because the 357 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:25,790 dynamics of the asteroid population 358 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:28,370 compared with a comet population is very 359 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:32,330 different than the the impact speed for 360 00:14:37,210 --> 00:14:34,210 example is very different which makes 361 00:14:41,800 --> 00:14:37,220 flexing survivability so we'd like to 362 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:41,810 know that the flux rate and the 363 00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:43,370 dynamical of factors that may affect 364 00:14:54,490 --> 00:14:51,410 survivability um okay turning to number 365 00:14:56,710 --> 00:14:54,500 eight what is the relative importance of 366 00:14:59,470 --> 00:14:56,720 exogenous and endogenous sources of 367 00:15:02,350 --> 00:14:59,480 organic compounds again that comes down 368 00:15:03,970 --> 00:15:02,360 to a number of factors which include 369 00:15:06,970 --> 00:15:03,980 some have already been mentioned such as 370 00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:06,980 survivability and if you have a flux of 371 00:15:11,530 --> 00:15:09,050 organic material you don't necessarily 372 00:15:14,530 --> 00:15:11,540 know whether it's going to survive the 373 00:15:15,520 --> 00:15:14,540 journey to the surface of the earth and 374 00:15:18,540 --> 00:15:15,530 of course these are very different 375 00:15:21,309 --> 00:15:18,550 difficult questions to answer 376 00:15:23,740 --> 00:15:21,319 we don't really know what the impact 377 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:23,750 flux was at those early times we know 378 00:15:27,009 --> 00:15:25,490 about the late heavy bombardment we 379 00:15:30,069 --> 00:15:27,019 don't know what the flux rate was like 380 00:15:35,650 --> 00:15:30,079 before that there are ways to climb into 381 00:15:37,809 --> 00:15:35,660 that just surprised willing to continue 382 00:15:42,309 --> 00:15:37,819 we bring out there is all the other 383 00:15:44,170 --> 00:15:42,319 running particular materials or classes 384 00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:44,180 and materials that are unique to a 385 00:15:51,249 --> 00:15:48,410 particular mechanism and an example that 386 00:15:53,769 --> 00:15:51,259 springs to mind but may turn out to be 387 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:53,779 important or not is the fact that we 388 00:15:59,249 --> 00:15:55,730 have these meteorites with amino acids 389 00:16:02,199 --> 00:15:59,259 and then that contain a chiral symmetry 390 00:16:06,639 --> 00:16:02,209 was that the key thing that caused 391 00:16:09,429 --> 00:16:06,649 Hammacher algae on europe that one 392 00:16:11,439 --> 00:16:09,439 avenue of exploration that might use I'm 393 00:16:14,519 --> 00:16:11,449 sure there are many other examples in my 394 00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:14,529 show will is a unique source of amateurs 395 00:16:21,759 --> 00:16:17,420 charge perhaps can't get here in any 396 00:16:24,069 --> 00:16:21,769 other way okay okay back future all 397 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:24,079 right so sub question nine had to do 398 00:16:27,129 --> 00:16:25,250 with how a different energy sources 399 00:16:29,139 --> 00:16:27,139 result in different organic production 400 00:16:30,639 --> 00:16:29,149 so again we're looking at a whole 401 00:16:32,889 --> 00:16:30,649 variety of environments and different 402 00:16:34,869 --> 00:16:32,899 chemical reactions you might have the 403 00:16:36,850 --> 00:16:34,879 same precursor material in different 404 00:16:39,460 --> 00:16:36,860 regions that have different energy 405 00:16:41,110 --> 00:16:39,470 sources and different thermodynamic and 406 00:16:43,059 --> 00:16:41,120 kinetic drivers and again they might be 407 00:16:45,759 --> 00:16:43,069 producing unique four distinct 408 00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:45,769 distributions of compounds and we're 409 00:16:50,350 --> 00:16:47,750 trying to understand that again so we 410 00:16:52,749 --> 00:16:50,360 can tie it all into what the overall 411 00:16:54,129 --> 00:16:52,759 inventory was and what does was just 412 00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:54,139 saying about understanding if any 413 00:16:58,199 --> 00:16:56,480 particular source produced unique 414 00:17:03,040 --> 00:16:58,209 distributions unique compounds that were 415 00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:03,050 essential focuses on that energy sub 416 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:05,150 question ten gets it also a Douglas 417 00:17:09,399 --> 00:17:07,010 saying about homo chirality where 418 00:17:11,260 --> 00:17:09,409 enantiomeric excesses at the monomer 419 00:17:13,870 --> 00:17:11,270 level important in establishing homo 420 00:17:15,939 --> 00:17:13,880 chirality in life so we know life today 421 00:17:18,039 --> 00:17:15,949 the Homolka reality is essential to life 422 00:17:20,319 --> 00:17:18,049 today but we all know at what stage in 423 00:17:22,390 --> 00:17:20,329 the origin of life that originated so we 424 00:17:24,340 --> 00:17:22,400 have these clues from some carbonaceous 425 00:17:26,860 --> 00:17:24,350 meteorites that have enantiomeric 426 00:17:28,449 --> 00:17:26,870 excesses of some compounds so but we 427 00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:28,459 don't understand how those were produced 428 00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:29,090 at the bottom 429 00:17:33,399 --> 00:17:31,130 level how that access was produced and 430 00:17:35,529 --> 00:17:33,409 then we don't know whether that access 431 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:35,539 at the monomer level exerted an 432 00:17:40,149 --> 00:17:37,850 influence on the emergence of biological 433 00:17:42,159 --> 00:17:40,159 homo chirality or maybe not maybe home 434 00:17:44,289 --> 00:17:42,169 okay reality emerged later on in the 435 00:17:48,399 --> 00:17:44,299 origination of life but trying to 436 00:17:50,289 --> 00:17:48,409 understand whether the monomers excesses 437 00:17:53,980 --> 00:17:50,299 had any role in homo chirality is an 438 00:17:55,570 --> 00:17:53,990 interesting question so question 11 is a 439 00:17:57,909 --> 00:17:55,580 little bit similar it's trying to 440 00:17:59,980 --> 00:17:57,919 understand the connection between the 441 00:18:02,529 --> 00:17:59,990 organic monomers produced and those used 442 00:18:04,450 --> 00:18:02,539 in terrestrial biology because chemistry 443 00:18:06,820 --> 00:18:04,460 may bad at chemistry produces a wide 444 00:18:09,130 --> 00:18:06,830 range of compounds only some of which 445 00:18:12,100 --> 00:18:09,140 are used by life and trying to 446 00:18:14,590 --> 00:18:12,110 understand why life selected those 447 00:18:16,570 --> 00:18:14,600 particular subgroup of compounds is 448 00:18:20,080 --> 00:18:16,580 there what was the driving force behind 449 00:18:23,799 --> 00:18:20,090 that does it have to do with use a 450 00:18:26,620 --> 00:18:23,809 productive and there are drivers will 451 00:18:28,659 --> 00:18:26,630 help understand the relative importance 452 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:28,669 of all of these compounds for the origin 453 00:18:33,340 --> 00:18:31,610 of life and the last sub question we had 454 00:18:35,860 --> 00:18:33,350 was what changes take place to these 455 00:18:37,630 --> 00:18:35,870 organics over time in the terrestrial 456 00:18:39,250 --> 00:18:37,640 environment and this ties back a bit to 457 00:18:42,610 --> 00:18:39,260 the earlier questions that Greg had 458 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:42,620 about survivability but basically you 459 00:18:46,810 --> 00:18:43,970 know once you have all of these 460 00:18:48,039 --> 00:18:46,820 different sources of organics on the on 461 00:18:50,260 --> 00:18:48,049 the surface of the early Earth on 462 00:18:52,450 --> 00:18:50,270 another planetary surface what further 463 00:18:55,870 --> 00:18:52,460 chemistry happens further synthesis or 464 00:18:58,779 --> 00:18:55,880 reaction functionalization and how do 465 00:19:02,049 --> 00:18:58,789 these interplay together to lead to a 466 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:02,059 more more a richer organic inventory and 467 00:19:06,399 --> 00:19:04,490 eventually to the origin of life those 468 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:06,409 are the 12 sub questions that we came up 469 00:19:10,389 --> 00:19:08,330 with when we were doing that when we're 470 00:19:12,220 --> 00:19:10,399 creating this document originally it's 471 00:19:13,690 --> 00:19:12,230 quite possible that we're missing some 472 00:19:16,389 --> 00:19:13,700 or that some are redundant or 473 00:19:18,130 --> 00:19:16,399 unnecessary or unclear and so we'd 474 00:19:20,799 --> 00:19:18,140 really like to make sure that the 475 00:19:22,419 --> 00:19:20,809 community participates in letting us 476 00:19:24,430 --> 00:19:22,429 know that so that in the next round of 477 00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:24,440 edits we can get a more coherent 478 00:19:29,230 --> 00:19:26,720 document the last thing i want to show 479 00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:29,240 before we open this up for discussion is 480 00:19:34,120 --> 00:19:32,240 just the overall road map network as it 481 00:19:36,279 --> 00:19:34,130 is right now zoom in in a second so now 482 00:19:38,440 --> 00:19:36,289 this is hard to read I saw in that poll 483 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:38,450 that many of you tuned in to the webinar 484 00:19:42,650 --> 00:19:40,770 last week where Michael new prison 485 00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:42,660 this is sort of how all the different 486 00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:44,730 road map documents are connected right 487 00:19:51,590 --> 00:19:49,170 now and if we on the left you can see 488 00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:51,600 there's sort of a group of documents 489 00:19:56,150 --> 00:19:54,510 that are prebiotic to biotic chemistry 490 00:19:58,010 --> 00:19:56,160 and if we zoom in there is still a 491 00:19:59,960 --> 00:19:58,020 little hard to see we're looking at 492 00:20:02,210 --> 00:19:59,970 document three right now what are the 493 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:02,220 sources of organic monomers relevant to 494 00:20:06,260 --> 00:20:04,770 the origin of life and it ties in a 495 00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:06,270 little bit to document to which i think 496 00:20:10,340 --> 00:20:07,830 is going to have a webinar next week 497 00:20:11,630 --> 00:20:10,350 about primitive icy bodies and chemistry 498 00:20:13,850 --> 00:20:11,640 there but what we were really 499 00:20:15,890 --> 00:20:13,860 envisioning when we came up with this 500 00:20:18,530 --> 00:20:15,900 document with that the organic monomers 501 00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:18,540 that were discussing here then feed into 502 00:20:23,120 --> 00:20:20,510 more steps of polymerization 503 00:20:25,460 --> 00:20:23,130 functionalization and eventually that 504 00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:25,470 green box at the bottom is what is the 505 00:20:30,950 --> 00:20:28,320 earliest life look like so that's how we 506 00:20:32,750 --> 00:20:30,960 see how this question ties into some of 507 00:20:35,620 --> 00:20:32,760 the bigger astrobiology questions and 508 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:35,630 then that arrow that's going off-screen 509 00:20:40,340 --> 00:20:38,250 connect to another box another document 510 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:40,350 about bio signatures because obviously 511 00:20:44,270 --> 00:20:42,690 understanding that a biotic chemical 512 00:20:45,890 --> 00:20:44,280 distributions that can be formed is 513 00:20:47,930 --> 00:20:45,900 important so that we're able to 514 00:20:50,780 --> 00:20:47,940 recognize bio signatures and distinguish 515 00:20:53,630 --> 00:20:50,790 them from chemicals from a biotic 516 00:20:56,300 --> 00:20:53,640 chemical so that's where this document 517 00:20:58,220 --> 00:20:56,310 fits into the bigger network and I think 518 00:20:59,900 --> 00:20:58,230 if you've now had an overview of 519 00:21:02,270 --> 00:20:59,910 everything that's in that Google 520 00:21:03,710 --> 00:21:02,280 document and hopefully there are some 521 00:21:09,950 --> 00:21:03,720 questions or comments from the 522 00:21:12,950 --> 00:21:09,960 participants now great thanks thanks 523 00:21:14,930 --> 00:21:12,960 Jamie thanks Greg thanks Doug yeah so 524 00:21:18,290 --> 00:21:14,940 basically we want to just encourage you 525 00:21:20,270 --> 00:21:18,300 now to having heard the structure and 526 00:21:21,260 --> 00:21:20,280 what's in the document known like me 527 00:21:23,390 --> 00:21:21,270 better chance have a look at the 528 00:21:26,570 --> 00:21:23,400 document itself to see if anybody has 529 00:21:28,910 --> 00:21:26,580 any immediate comments or questions or 530 00:21:31,130 --> 00:21:28,920 things they'd like to raise with the 531 00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:31,140 group and get some feedback from Greg 532 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:32,910 and Jamie and Doug while we're all 533 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:37,730 online so I John I think you wanted to 534 00:21:42,350 --> 00:21:40,410 contribute something I so you put your 535 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:42,360 hand up there well I hope it's a 536 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:45,450 contribution i do have kind of a 537 00:21:50,740 --> 00:21:48,330 shortage of time today but as i listened 538 00:21:54,530 --> 00:21:50,750 to the sub questions come through it 539 00:21:57,080 --> 00:21:54,540 seemed to me that the basic mode 540 00:21:59,480 --> 00:21:57,090 that was being addressed with one where 541 00:22:01,850 --> 00:21:59,490 the entire Earth is a warm little pond 542 00:22:03,920 --> 00:22:01,860 of sorts and we're going to fill it up 543 00:22:07,820 --> 00:22:03,930 full of organic monomers and then see if 544 00:22:12,740 --> 00:22:07,830 something cool happens and what I didn't 545 00:22:14,510 --> 00:22:12,750 hear was the specific addressing of an 546 00:22:16,970 --> 00:22:14,520 interaction between a dynamic 547 00:22:20,500 --> 00:22:16,980 environment on the earth and the 548 00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:20,510 development of organic monomers in the 549 00:22:27,530 --> 00:22:24,440 context of a potentially 550 00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:27,540 self-replicating profits and so rather 551 00:22:31,130 --> 00:22:29,760 than thinking of organic monomers that 552 00:22:34,550 --> 00:22:31,140 are something that are floating around 553 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:34,560 and are lucky enough to run into either 554 00:22:41,330 --> 00:22:38,010 you know the right clays or some kind of 555 00:22:43,370 --> 00:22:41,340 mineral surfaces or maybe a 556 00:22:47,120 --> 00:22:43,380 low-temperature hydrothermal vent 557 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:47,130 environment I'll Jack Corliss I'm 558 00:22:55,010 --> 00:22:50,490 thinking of you know how much feedback 559 00:22:56,990 --> 00:22:55,020 does the earth system have on the 560 00:23:00,500 --> 00:22:57,000 development of these monitors in the 561 00:23:03,910 --> 00:23:00,510 context of the origin of life itself as 562 00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:03,920 opposed to the concept of an organic 563 00:23:10,130 --> 00:23:07,440 soup of one kind or another so that was 564 00:23:13,610 --> 00:23:10,140 just my take home messages that there 565 00:23:16,610 --> 00:23:13,620 might be more interaction and some kind 566 00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:16,620 of a feedback process that doesn't seem 567 00:23:24,020 --> 00:23:18,960 to be addressed in the questions the way 568 00:23:26,210 --> 00:23:24,030 I read them now thank you that'll be a 569 00:23:28,790 --> 00:23:26,220 good thing to add in the next round of 570 00:23:30,650 --> 00:23:28,800 edit that last sub question 12 about 571 00:23:32,570 --> 00:23:30,660 what happens to these monomers once 572 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:32,580 they're in the environment I think could 573 00:23:37,010 --> 00:23:34,650 be expanded and reworked to address what 574 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:37,020 you just what you just brought out the 575 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:38,690 interaction between the environment and 576 00:23:42,830 --> 00:23:41,250 chemistry well it may be that the 577 00:23:47,750 --> 00:23:42,840 environment doesn't produce the right 578 00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:47,760 organic monomers off bat and that you in 579 00:23:52,340 --> 00:23:50,400 fact have to have this interaction to 580 00:23:54,980 --> 00:23:52,350 get the monomers of interests produced 581 00:23:57,470 --> 00:23:54,990 in the first place that's kind of the 582 00:24:02,740 --> 00:23:57,480 way of looking at it part of our 583 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:02,750 discussion of not talking about what 584 00:24:06,350 --> 00:24:05,610 specific sort of microenvironments might 585 00:24:09,050 --> 00:24:06,360 be of interest 586 00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:09,060 was not to who is intent not to limit 587 00:24:14,150 --> 00:24:10,710 what the proposals of those 588 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:14,160 microenvironments might be and it wasn't 589 00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:16,170 a sense of well let's just treat the 590 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:19,770 earth environment the global one um but 591 00:24:27,890 --> 00:24:21,450 but yeah just rather idea let's not 592 00:24:33,680 --> 00:24:27,900 limit the ideas out there we looked at 593 00:24:36,410 --> 00:24:33,690 it hey okay great and so just to make 594 00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:36,420 sure if anybody else has any comments 595 00:24:41,050 --> 00:24:37,890 they want to make or questions they want 596 00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:41,060 to ask or anything to be clarified I 597 00:24:47,060 --> 00:24:45,360 think that the line is is open if there 598 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:47,070 are more than one person if you at the 599 00:24:50,270 --> 00:24:48,330 top of the screen there there's a raised 600 00:24:53,900 --> 00:24:50,280 hand button and we can work through 601 00:24:55,820 --> 00:24:53,910 people if there are any comments so yeah 602 00:24:58,520 --> 00:24:55,830 Pauline do you want to go ahead thanks 603 00:25:01,340 --> 00:24:58,530 well good afternoon everyone I think 604 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:01,350 another question that is really going to 605 00:25:07,730 --> 00:25:03,450 be very difficult to answer is the very 606 00:25:10,850 --> 00:25:07,740 vast heterogeneity on just our planet in 607 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:10,860 terms of varying temperatures and 608 00:25:15,770 --> 00:25:12,810 varying concentrations of water and 609 00:25:18,860 --> 00:25:15,780 cycling of temperature and cycling of 610 00:25:20,750 --> 00:25:18,870 conditions so that in any one place the 611 00:25:22,820 --> 00:25:20,760 answer may be very different from what 612 00:25:27,910 --> 00:25:22,830 the answer might be in some other place 613 00:25:30,530 --> 00:25:27,920 maybe only even meters away um and now 614 00:25:32,150 --> 00:25:30,540 given again the avast amount of time 615 00:25:34,670 --> 00:25:32,160 that we might be talking about in those 616 00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:34,680 kinds of changes some of these may be 617 00:25:39,650 --> 00:25:36,690 very difficult questions to ask because 618 00:25:42,770 --> 00:25:39,660 all we have to do is find something that 619 00:25:44,510 --> 00:25:42,780 happened once it may have happened many 620 00:25:47,900 --> 00:25:44,520 many times but it had to only be 621 00:25:51,140 --> 00:25:47,910 successful one and that's I think going 622 00:25:52,570 --> 00:25:51,150 to add another layer to the difficulty 623 00:25:55,150 --> 00:25:52,580 in answering some of these questions 624 00:25:58,590 --> 00:25:55,160 thank you 625 00:26:03,779 --> 00:26:00,990 Jamie Greg done with you did you want to 626 00:26:05,190 --> 00:26:03,789 respond on that or is that too bad into 627 00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:05,200 the comments and the documents again 628 00:26:10,080 --> 00:26:07,840 yeah I mean information overload is a 629 00:26:12,630 --> 00:26:10,090 serious problem you know I really get 630 00:26:14,490 --> 00:26:12,640 the comment right we we can get as many 631 00:26:16,740 --> 00:26:14,500 results as we have time for experiment 632 00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:16,750 and our analytical techniques are good 633 00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:22,000 not to pick up got million issue thanks 634 00:26:28,620 --> 00:26:25,600 great okay any other any other questions 635 00:26:35,039 --> 00:26:28,630 any other comments anybody wants to to 636 00:26:38,580 --> 00:26:35,049 chip in as I said before this document 637 00:26:40,740 --> 00:26:38,590 will be opened up for commenting as soon 638 00:26:43,590 --> 00:26:40,750 as the this webinar finishes so you'll 639 00:26:45,779 --> 00:26:43,600 have chance to go and review and and put 640 00:26:47,549 --> 00:26:45,789 your comments if you prefer to kind of 641 00:26:49,049 --> 00:26:47,559 think and type and check them into the 642 00:26:51,990 --> 00:26:49,059 document there will be plenty of 643 00:26:53,490 --> 00:26:52,000 opportunity to do that but if there any 644 00:27:01,250 --> 00:26:53,500 other any of the comments questions now 645 00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:04,340 I suspect if there's nobody else wants 646 00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:05,730 to ask anything in this in this 647 00:27:09,770 --> 00:27:07,260 particular open forum I suspect we're 648 00:27:10,910 --> 00:27:09,780 probably at the end I don't know Greg 649 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:10,920 Jamie Doug whether you had any 650 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:12,930 concluding remarks or comments you want 651 00:27:19,460 --> 00:27:15,210 to make or we all are we all good to go 652 00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:19,470 I think we're good I just hope that 653 00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:21,090 people will make comments on the google 654 00:27:24,290 --> 00:27:22,650 doc so that we can incorporate 655 00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:24,300 everyone's few points into the final 656 00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:26,850 document exactly I mean it just to 657 00:27:29,900 --> 00:27:28,110 reiterate what Jamie said at the 658 00:27:32,090 --> 00:27:29,910 beginning there were really hoping for a 659 00:27:34,130 --> 00:27:32,100 big community effort to to make these 660 00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:34,140 documents as good as they possibly can 661 00:27:38,630 --> 00:27:36,330 be we have quite a bit of time I think 662 00:27:40,940 --> 00:27:38,640 between now and next April before the 663 00:27:42,440 --> 00:27:40,950 process kind of rolls forward so so 664 00:27:44,630 --> 00:27:42,450 please do get stuck in and read through 665 00:27:46,610 --> 00:27:44,640 and uncomment and I know the authors 666 00:27:48,710 --> 00:27:46,620 will will value that and they'll respond 667 00:27:50,300 --> 00:27:48,720 to the comments as well so we can get a 668 00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:50,310 bit of a discussion going sorry great i 669 00:27:54,410 --> 00:27:51,750 think i know i'm just going to reiterate 670 00:27:56,270 --> 00:27:54,420 what our Jimmy had said before that it 671 00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:56,280 was a stream of consciousness from a 672 00:28:00,830 --> 00:27:57,840 limited group of people with certainly 673 00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:00,840 not expertise everywhere so we really 674 00:28:05,260 --> 00:28:02,850 need people from a variety of expertise 675 00:28:07,580 --> 00:28:05,270 is looking at document commenting on it 676 00:28:09,380 --> 00:28:07,590 Brendan thank you this is Ronald Breslow 677 00:28:11,300 --> 00:28:09,390 at the Columbia I just joined this I'm 678 00:28:14,060 --> 00:28:11,310 sorry I got caught up in something else 679 00:28:18,710 --> 00:28:14,070 and I suddenly realized I was late but 680 00:28:22,160 --> 00:28:18,720 I'm without program now part of it as a 681 00:28:24,730 --> 00:28:22,170 filler mass in connection with sub 682 00:28:28,030 --> 00:28:24,740 question once Doug was talking about 683 00:28:31,220 --> 00:28:28,040 perhaps it would be useful to comment on 684 00:28:34,910 --> 00:28:31,230 raise the question of what happens at 685 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:34,920 high redshift are when in galaxies where 686 00:28:40,010 --> 00:28:38,010 the chemical abundances are the 687 00:28:42,710 --> 00:28:40,020 elemental abundances may be different 688 00:28:45,740 --> 00:28:42,720 local environment want to think about 689 00:28:49,340 --> 00:28:45,750 the universe as a whole and possible 690 00:28:51,920 --> 00:28:49,350 early Oh possible life in quite 691 00:28:54,350 --> 00:28:51,930 different environments well that's yeah 692 00:28:55,670 --> 00:28:54,360 that's a good point um I think if we 693 00:28:57,470 --> 00:28:55,680 could understand our own local 694 00:28:59,150 --> 00:28:57,480 environment better it with give is more 695 00:29:01,850 --> 00:28:59,160 of a perspective to understand another 696 00:29:03,470 --> 00:29:01,860 one but of course as you know abundance 697 00:29:05,060 --> 00:29:03,480 variations occur within our own galaxy 698 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:05,070 before you even think about other 699 00:29:19,190 --> 00:29:16,820 okay thanks Bill any other comments any 700 00:29:21,830 --> 00:29:19,200 of the questions people want to open up 701 00:29:24,230 --> 00:29:21,840 right now if not hopefully we'll see you 702 00:29:26,360 --> 00:29:24,240 online either on the website in 703 00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:26,370 discussion forum or in the document in 704 00:29:32,180 --> 00:29:28,050 the comments section and we look forward 705 00:29:37,310 --> 00:29:32,190 to hearing from you again for enjoying I 706 00:29:39,740 --> 00:29:37,320 know hey everybody this is sorry this is 707 00:29:41,420 --> 00:29:39,750 Lindsay Hayes I just wanted to make a 708 00:29:44,270 --> 00:29:41,430 comment just so we could be clear about 709 00:29:47,030 --> 00:29:44,280 the scheduling i'm not sure if something 710 00:29:49,670 --> 00:29:47,040 got lost we're looking to finish the 711 00:29:51,950 --> 00:29:49,680 webinars at the end of this calendar 712 00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:51,960 year or maybe a little bit into next 713 00:29:56,570 --> 00:29:53,760 year and we're looking to produce the 714 00:29:58,100 --> 00:29:56,580 final document by by april so we 715 00:30:00,770 --> 00:29:58,110 definitely have a you know a good amount 716 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:00,780 of time to be working on these but not 717 00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:03,570 quite all the way until april okay sorry 718 00:30:08,510 --> 00:30:06,570 thanks Lindsay yep that's great sorry 719 00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:08,520 that was a we making a comment before 720 00:30:13,760 --> 00:30:10,260 they're gonna make it me a college along 721 00:30:15,470 --> 00:30:13,770 the same lines I think it's good to get 722 00:30:18,020 --> 00:30:15,480 things done quickly right I think I 723 00:30:20,150 --> 00:30:18,030 think if people on this webinar have 724 00:30:23,140 --> 00:30:20,160 comments I would recommend they going 725 00:30:25,130 --> 00:30:23,150 right them now rather than you know wait 726 00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:25,140 sometime down the line when they produce 727 00:30:33,650 --> 00:30:31,170 about yes absolutely okay thanks Doug 728 00:30:35,150 --> 00:30:33,660 thanks Jamie thanks Greg I hope that was 729 00:30:36,830 --> 00:30:35,160 useful and interesting to everyone 730 00:30:39,290 --> 00:30:36,840 listening in and we look forward to 731 00:30:42,680 --> 00:30:39,300 hearing from you online so go there now 732 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:42,690 and start commenting I'll make sure that 733 00:30:45,530 --> 00:30:44,010 document gets opened up straight away so 734 00:30:52,880 --> 00:30:45,540 as in the next couple of minutes you 735 00:30:55,049 --> 00:30:52,890 should be able to to get in there okay